24 四月, 2009

The Scottish Highland Regiments

The Scottish Highland Regiments

Introduction

The Scottish Highland Regiments are renowned for being some of the bravest regiments in the British army. One man once said "The limbs of the Highlander are strong and sinewy, the frame hardy, and of great physical power, in proportion to size. He endures cold, hunger, and fatigue with patience." The Highland Regiments have been known for their fierceness in battle, using shock to scare their enemy, and for their unique kilts. Throughout their history, they have been known to engage in melee combat overzealously. During World War I, they still used fierce bayonet charges commonly. This caused the Germans to refer to the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) as the “Ladies from Hell”[1]. The Black Watch wears the term today as a badge of honor. Even recently, in a 2005 battle in Iraq, where one hundred insurgents ambushed a group of thirty Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, the Highlanders fought the ambush. Without any ammunition, these men bayonet charged into the insurgents, surprising the insurgents so much that they retreated. The Highlanders took only three casualties (all wounded), while the insurgents had an estimated thirty dead.

Basic History

The history of the Scottish Highlands begins in 843 when the Gaelic tribe the Scotti successfully invaded Scotland from Ulster. The tribe gave their name to Scotland. The important contribution they made to Scotland was the Gaelic clan system, which would affect the emergence of the Kingdom of Great Britain. During the Middle Ages, many Anglo-Norman nobles came to power in Lowland Scotland[2], causing such things as Lowland dress to be much more similar to the English, as the Highlanders were much more similar to the Irish. The Lowlanders became socially, racially, and later religiously different. The Lowland and Highland divide was one reason for why there were specific Scottish Highland regiments formed. After the Act of Union in 1707, Scotland and England officially became part of a United Kingdom of Great Britain. However, many Highlanders were against the monarchy because the monarch, George I of Hanover, usurped the throne from the Stuart king Charles II. The Second Jacobite Rebellion, also called “The ‘45” ended the Highland clan system’s power. During the decisive battle of the rebellion, the Battle of Culloden, two-thirds of the British Government’s Army was made up of Lowland Scots. After the rebellion, more Highland regiments were formed because the British government feared another rebellion, and they thought the best way to prevent such a rebellion was to use the Highlanders in wars across the globe. This was deemed the “Final Solution to the Highland Problem”. Though this may sound eerily similar to Adolf Hitler’s “Final Solution”, it did not result in a massive genocide to slaughter the peoples of the Highlands[3], but rather, to prevent another such disastrous rebellion against the British monarchy. One reason for so many Highlanders coming into the British army was because the British government banned weapons and tartans(kilts) in the Highlands, so the only way to be able to have both would be to join the army. There are many examples of the Highland regiments being used across the globe, including the storming of Fort Ticonderoga in the French and Indian War, the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution, and at the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812.

Highland Weapons and Uniforms

The Scottish Highlands are known for having unique weapons. Of these, the men usually used the basket-hilted claymore, the Highland Pistol, and the dirk. The basket-hilted claymore is a traditional Scottish broadsword that was originally two-handed in the Middle Ages. Its name comes from the Gaelic phrase “claidheamh mor”, which translates to “great, big sword”. The name of the two-handed claymore was applied to the single-handed one. The Highland pistol is also a unique weapon. The Highland Pistol was originally made in the armories of Doune and Stirlingshire of all steel for the Black Watch. The Highland Regiments abandoned the pistol by the mid-1790s. The dirk was a short dagger that was used by the Highlanders as a last resort weapon. The name for the weapon comes from the Gaelic phrase “sgian dearg”, which means “red knife”.

The Highland weapons are not the only things that made these regiments unique. They also commonly wore Scottish military hats and different clan tartans on their kilts. When they were not allowed to wear kilts for a while after the Second Jacobite Rebellion, they were allowed to wear trews, similar to modern trousers, with their regiment’s former tartan pattern on them. Some of the Highland Regiments did not wear any form of tartans on campaign. Some Highland Regiments did not even wear tartans because in 1809, the Scottish Highlands were deemed unfit to provide soldiers for a whole Highland corps, so units from the English militia had to join the Highland Regiments. The Highland regiments that had their dress taken away from them were the 72nd, 73rd, 74th, 75th and 94th regiments.

War of Austrian Succession

The first Highland Regiment formed after the Union of 1707 was the 42nd (Black Watch) Regiment of Foot. These men would be sent to fight in the War of Austrian Succession in 1745. They served at the Battle of Fontenoy. Though it was a tragic loss for the British Army, the Black Watch served with distinction. Using what was called the “Highland Way of Fighting”, they would wait until the enemy was about to fire, and then duck. After the enemy’s nearly ineffective volley was fired, they would get back up and fire back. They used this many times throughout the battle, but in the end, under heavy volleys and artillery fire, they gave up their position and retreated. Ironically, the very man whom would practically destroy the Highland clan system at the Battle of Culloden, the Duke of Cumberland, was very impressed with the Black Watch.

Seven Years’ War

The Seven Years’ War had two theaters, the theater in Europe, and the theater in the Americas. In both places the Highland Regiments served. In the European Theater, the 87th and 88th Highland Regiments served in almost every decisive battle. At the Battle of Kloster Kamp, these two regiments were used as an advance party with light infantry and cavalry. At the Battle of Warburg, these two regiments were used with a column of British Grenadiers and two battalions of Hanoverian Grenadiers and took the French left flank. These two Highland Regiments, the 87th and 88th were disbanded after the war.

In the American theater of the war, there were four occurrences of the Highland Regiments at the Battles of Fort Duquesne, Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga), Quebec, Bushy Run, and. In the first appearance of the Highlanders, at the Battle of Fort Duquesne, the 77th Highland Regiment charged out to entice the French and their Native American allies to a fight. The Highlanders were not accustomed to North American warfare (their enemy using trees as cover to reload) and though they fought ferociously, they were surrounded and their leader, Major Grant, surrendered. They lost three hundred men, and the rest were allowed to retreat and later appeared at the Battle of Bushy Run. The Highlanders lost the battle, but the French would later retreat from the fort due to the large British force being led by General Forbes. At the Battle of Quebec, Fraser’s Highlanders, who were disbanded after the war, played an important part. At night, a British flotilla was sailing down river to land and position its troops on cliffs to the west. A French sentry saw the ships, and when questioned the ships if they were French; a Highland officer answered him in French. If this Highlander had not answered the French sentry, there could have been many consequences in the upcoming battle. In 1759, at the Battle of Fort Carillon, the Black Watch played a pivotal role in the British attack. Out of all the British regiments, it is said that the Black Watch were “the first at the front, the last to retreat”. The Highlanders were enraged whenever they were held in reserve while their fellow Brits were shot at from a distance while climbing through a path of cut down trees. Nevertheless, for their courage, they suffered greatly. Half of the regiment was killed or wounded, and the regiment did not fight for the rest of the war[4]. The last occurrence of the Highland Regiments in the American theater of the war was at the Battle of Bushy Run in 1763. The Black Watch and the 77th Highlanders[5] made up almost all of the force.[6]The regiments split up into two groups, one attacked from the front, while the other attacked from the rear. In the end, the British won the battle. The 77th Highlanders would afterwards be disbanded, and so few returned back home to Scotland after the war.

"The Charge of the Highlanders at the Battle of Bushy Run"
"The Charge of the Highlanders at the Battle of Bushy Run"

Colonial Wars

The Highland Regiments have also taken part in the many colonial wars of the British. These would be the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The Black Watch served in the American Revolution at the Battle of Harlem Heights. The Black Watch, working with the British Light Infantry attacked and pursued a small group of New England Rangers. The Rangers were bait for an American flanking party, and the Americans inflicted about seventy casualties until the British retreated. The battle was indecisive. The 71st Regiment of Foot, Fraser’s Highlanders, served at many battles during the Southern Campaign serving as a reserve. At the Battle of Cowpens, they even outflanked the American militia’s position, but the Americans retreated in good order. Besides Fraser’s Highlanders, Black Watch took a small part in the Battle of Paoli by being one of the last regiments to charge at the battle. This was the only involvement of the Highland Regiments in the American Revolution. After the war, Fraser’s Highlanders were disbanded. During the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1805, the Highland Regiments also served. In Wellington’s first victory, the Battle of Assaye, the 74th (Royal Highland Fusiliers) and the 78th Highland Regiments led the final charge that broke the Indian lines. In the War of 1812, the 93rd Highlanders took part in the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. They were among the British regiments that had just defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. When the Scots got within one hundred yards of Jackson’s entrenchments, their commanding officer was killed. His lieutenant did not have them advance or retreat. In an act of pure bravery, the Highlanders stood in their column and took all of the concentrated fire of the American riflemen. An American observer wrote, “It was an act of cool, determined bravery.” The shooting continued until a surviving British general ordered them to withdraw. Three-fourths of the 93rd were left behind, and the wounded were treated in American field hospitals after the battle. The men who survived were returned to Britain after the war. Unfortunately for both sides, the battle was “after the war” since the Treaty of Ghent was signed two weeks earlier. Poor communications of that time delayed the news of the war’s end to the participants in the Battle of New Orleans, and many men died in a battle that never should have been.

Napoleonic Wars

The Highland regiments were used in the Napoleonic Wars, but almost all of their appearances were when they were under Wellington’s command. The first theater that the Highland Regiments served in was the Peninsular War. At the Battle of Vimiero, the 71st Highland Light Infantry Regiment was used to guard the artillery peaces with the 82nd Lancashire Regiment. The French made a surprising attack and both regiments were forced back. However, their leader, Major General Ferguson, charged these two regiments back at the guns, and the French brigade retreated. Major General Ferguson pursued the French brigade until he was ordered to stop by Wellington. Had he pursued, the French army may have surrendered. At the Battle of La Coruna, the Black Watch and the 50th Foot were sent in to take the village named Elvina. The first attack was a success, but they used up almost all of their ammunition. Short of ammunition, the two regiments retreated from the village, but a bayonet charge again took the village for the British. Even when their commander was fatally injured, the two regiments held the village, and the French attack gave way. The next day the British evacuated the area. The next battle that the Highland regiments played a large part in was the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro. The 74th and 79th Highland Regiments, with the support 88th Connaght Rangers, engaged a French Cuirassier regiment and though they were pushed back, the 88th Regiment came in support and drove the French cavalry, whom were low on ammunition, away. The Highlanders also participated in the Battle of Waterloo. Many Highland Regiments served in squares against the famous French cavalry charge, including the 42nd, 71st, 73rd, and 92nd. A legend says that when the Royal Scots Greys had to ride through the 92nd Gordon Highlanders, that the 92nd actually held on to their stirrups and assisted them in the charge. There is no real proof confirming this. Unlike in most other wars, the Highland regiments that fought at Waterloo were not disbanded afterwards.

"The Thin Red Line"
"The Thin Red Line"

Crimean War

In the Crimean War, the three Highland Regiments, the 42nd, 79th, and 93rd were combined into the Highland Brigade, led by Colin Campbell. This brigade is famous for storming the heights at Alma. The 42nd was the most overzealous, and it charged towards the center while the other two regiments took the flanks and outflanked the enemy. At the Battle of Balaclava, the 93rd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders made their famous stand called the “Thin Red Line”. Also with the 93rd were two Turkish battalions, but they fled upon seeing the Russian cavalry. The Russian Cavalry, it is said, numbered 2,000, and the Highlanders, forming a “thin red line tipped with steel” fired a volley at extreme range, and for some reason[7] the Russian cavalry retreated. This has been glorified in the painting “The Thin Red Line.” These two are the most famous occurrences of the Highland Regiments in the Crimean War.

Conclusion

The Highland Regiments have been very famous throughout the years for serving with bravery and distinction. They still exist today in the British army, some serving as part of the newly formed Scottish Division in Iraq. One reason the Highlanders are so popular is that they had unique uniforms. They often had a kilt, and usually either a Glengarry or a tam o’ shanter. Surprisingly, at times, the Highlanders made up nearly a fifth of the British standing army. For an area with such a small population in a country with such a small population, this is pretty incredible. The Highlanders were very similar to the Irish in the proportion at which they served in the British military. The Highland Regiments also made up a majority of the Scottish regiments. It has been said "the British Empire was won by the Irish, administered by the Scots and Welsh and the profits went to the English". However, if we examine the make-up of the British Army in 1881, which was made up of sixty-nine regiments, of which there were forty-eight English regiments, ten Scottish regiments, eight Irish regiments, and three Welsh regiments. There were around six-to-seven Highland regiments in 1881. If one considers the proportion, the Scottish Highlands had proportionately more regiments per population than the Irish. There are many modern occurrences of the Highlanders charging with bayonets, even in the Boer War, but this essay is about the Highlanders when they could charge into the enemy in the single-shot age of warfare, since this is when they were in their prime. In conclusion, the Highland fighting tradition is one that has lasted a long through many struggles, and it is one that will never end.

Sources:

http://www.militaryheritage.com/pistol2.htm

http://swordforum.com/articles/hes/highlandscots.php


http://www.aboutscotland.com/argylls/93norleans.html


http://www.paramountpress.com/oneoftheirown.html


http://www.britishbattles.com/


http://en.wikipedia.com/

http://www.kinnaird.net/tartan.htm/


http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/foreigners_British_army.htm/


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/03/18/nvc218.xml


The Crimean War: A Reappraisal by Philip Warner

Highlanders: A History of the Scottish Clans
by Fitzroy Maclean

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Notes:

[1] The term “Ladies” was a reference to their kilts.

[2] All of the main leaders of the First War of Scottish Independence had Norman ancestry.

[3] Though there was the slaughtering of prisoners, and the takeover of power called the “Highland Clearances”.

[4] Though they did appear in reserve at the final storming and taking over of the fort the next year.

[5] Whom were about to be disbanded, but were called back to Western Pennsylvania to participate in the battle.

[6] A small detachment of the 60th Regiment of Foot also appeared at the battle.

[7] Possible causes could be low morale, or the Highland reputation for fighting.

A and SH 相册 Vol:2





Warrant Officer Bruce Waterhouse, CD, in a photograph from the recent publication "Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders" by Alastair Campbell of Airds.
As the Argylls undergo amalgamation into The Royal Regiment of Scotland, this book chronicles the history of the regiment, including the part that individuals like Bruce Waterhouse played.
Waterhouse, a long serving Calgary Highlander, served a term of engagement as a Corporal (equivalent to a Canadian Sergeant) with the 1st Battalion, A&SH, including a tour of Northern Ireland (as attested by his General Service Medal) before returning to the Calgary Highlanders. Warrant Officer Waterhouse (photographed here at the Queen's Parade in 1990 at McMahon Stadium) passed away at a relatively young age; his medals are on display at the regimental gallery at The Military Museums (formerly known as The Museum of the Regiments) in Calgary.

Thanks to Archie Mac Laine, A&SH (ret.), for the scan.




Brigadier Ian Mackay

Awarded the MC for his leadership of D Company of the Argylls in a difficult engagement in Aden’s old town

Although he was later to command the Royal Highland Fusiliers in the Far East and 6th Armoured Brigade in Germany, the high point of Ian Mackay’s operational career was with his original regiment, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in Aden in 1967. A reconnaissance party of the Argylls and the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers had been ambushed in Crater and control of the township taken over by the terrorist National Liberation Front (NLF). Mackay was appointed to command the company of Major Bryan Malcolm, killed in the ambush, for the retaking of Crater by the Argylls’ battle group under Lieutenant-Colonel Colin Mitchell.

The situation was tense by any standard. The treacherous ambush, initiated by the hitherto loyal Aden Armed Police, infuriated the Jocks and Geordies of the two battalions, the former taking over from the latter, and vengeance was in the air. But Major-General Philip Tower (obituary December 11, 2006), fearing a bloodbath, forbade any attempt to recover the bodies or any survivors. An eerie silence descended as the mob and NLF activists fell to wondering what retribution might follow. In fact, the two-phase reoccupation of the densely inhabited area was conducted calmly and with only one fatal casualty.

Shortly after dark on July 3, Mackay led 1st Argylls’ D Company round the rocks of the coastal entrance to the extinct volcano containing Aden’s old town, passing the burnt-out legislative council building — heading for the central market. Two other companies flanked his advance and by dawn the Argylls, supported by an armoured car squadron of the Queen’s Dragoon Guards, had half Crater under control. The order to continue was given and the whole township was quickly theirs.

Two weeks had elapsed since the ambush and although the NLF leaders had slipped out as the Argylls moved in, hard-core terrorist cells remained and a population ready to follow their lead. Mitchell decided to keep his entire battalion on the spot with Mackay’s company responsible for the market area, frequently subject to rioting and sniping or grenade attacks. For the four months until the British withdrawal from Aden in October, Mackay’s company dominated the market area, keeping peace of a kind. His inspiring leadership under constant threat earned him the Military Cross.

Whether speaking to or listening to anyone, Mackay never shifted his eyes from those of the other person, holding them in the intense gaze not infrequently encountered in Scotsmen of a certain character. Born in Warwickshire, the son of Doctor G. S Mackay, MC, he had intended to follow his father into medicine after education at Oundle but National Service training at Stirling Castle, the Argylls’ regimental depot, led to Sandhurst and a commission in 1955. He served with the 1st Battalion during the Eoka terrorist campaign in Cyprus and for a year acted as ADC to the Governor of the island, Sir Hugh Foot.

After attending the Staff College, Camberley, he was posted to the operations staff of the UK-based 3rd Infantry Division commanded by Major-General (later Field Marshal Lord) Carver. He went back to Cyprus with Carver’s headquarters and some supporting units to form the nucleus of what was to become the United Nations Force there. He received the news of his appointment as MBE for this service on the eve of the operation to retake Crater and was later presented with the decoration by the Queen on the same occasion as he received the MC.

On return from Aden, Colonel Mitchell had said: “Ian, all your future is behind you,” hinting that the best of his army career was over. If never quite so exciting again, it was never dull. After return to Camberley to join the directing staff, he was selected to command 1st Battalion The Royal Highland Fusiliers. It is seldom easy to command a battalion of a regiment other than one’s own and in Scotland, with such strong “tribal” ties, it can be very difficult. Mackay commanded 1st RHF in Singapore, where it was part of the ANZUK Brigade, comprising Australian, British and New Zealand units — based there as a signal of Commonwealth commitment to the region under threat from an expansionist communist Vietnam — and his new regiment made him welcome.

On promotion to brigadier in 1978 he took command of 6th Armoured Brigade in the Army of the Rhine. He was familiar with the deterrence requirements of the Nato Central Region but this did not prove to be a launch pad for further advancement; perhaps that unflinching, hard-questioning gaze of his did not fit in. But two further prestigious posts were to follow. He was Commandant of the School of Infantry, 1982-84 (and advanced to CBE for his imaginative review of infantry training practice), and military attaché in Paris, 1986-88.

On leaving the service, he carved out a second career as a consultant to British companies seeking to market defence and security products in France, a task he enjoyed through his lifelong love of that country, its culture and its wines.

He married Susan Jarvis in 1964. She survives him with a son and daughter.

Brigadier Ian Mackay, CBE, MC, was born on December 5, 1933. He died of cancer on March 10, 2007, aged 73


War Memorials within the Parish of Glenorchy and Innishail, Argyll
Lochawe War Memorial

The Lochawe War Memorial is placed adjacent to St. Conan抯 Kirk, Lochawe and by the side of the A85. It was unveiled on Saturday, 10th July, 1920 by Lady Breadalbane. The Oban Times of 17th July described the memorial thus:

"The Memorial is in the form of the figure of an Argyll and Sutherland Highlander sculptured in freestone surmounting a handsome cairn of Cruachan granite. The whole is finely executed, and is the work of Mr. Alexander Carrick, A.R.S.A., Edinburgh. Mr. A MacTavish, builder, Oban, placed the cairn and statue in position."

The memorial is in reasonable condition, although with a slight growth of moss.

The inscription reads:
"Erected in memory of our glorious dead who made the
supreme sacrifice
in the great war 1914-1918"

Major J.W.H. Alston, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
Lieutenant P.J.S. Laing, Canadians
Sergeant J. Fraser, D.C.M., Croix de Guerre Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
Sergeant James Wilson, Royal Highlanders
Private Alex. McNab, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
" Arch. McKinnon, Royal Highlanders
" A.H. Black, Gordon Highlanders
" A. Henderson, Camerons
" Arch. Allan, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
" K. McLean, Scots Guards

"death is swallowed up in victory."

The names of the regiments are abbreviated on the memorial.


We understand that
Carrick抯 sculpture is
identical to the memorial
on South Ronaldsay.





Lieutenant Colonel Colin Mitchell ( Mad Mitch)


Colin Campbell Mitchell (17 November 192520 July 1996) was a British Army lieutenant colonel and politician. He became famous in July 1967 when he led the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in the British reoccupation of the Crater district of Aden. At that time, Aden was a British colony and the Crater district had briefly been taken over by nationalist insurgents. Campbell became widely known as “Mad Mitch”.

Although born and raised in a South London suburb, Mitchell always considered himself to be Scottish and exhibited a romanticised view of Scotland.

Mitchell was educated at the Whitgift School in Croydon. In May 1943 was enlisted as a private in the Royal West Kent Regiment. He soon became a lance-corporal and instructed newcomers in physical training.

He was commissioned into the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in 1944 and fought in the final battles of the Italian campaign. Although he was lightly wounded at the Battle of Monte Cassino, his wartime experience inclined him to take up a career in the British Army.

He subsequently served in various campaigns in Palestine (wounded again in a ‘friendly fire’ incident), Korea (where he commanded his first company), Cyprus, Borneo and the Aden Emergency. He also served on attachment in the UK with the Territorial Army and in East Africa with the King's African Rifles. Throughout all this time Mitchell was making a reputation as a bold and efficient officer, passing through the Staff College and serving as GSO1 on the staff of Chief of the Defence staff, Lord Mountbatten. Mitchell’s success in a wide range of appointments won him brevet rank as a lieutenant-colonel.

Mitchell was made Officer Commanding 1st Battalion, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (the ‘Argylls’) on 12 January 1967. He achieved fame in the Aden Emergency, which was acted out in the final few years of British rule in Aden. He became known as "Mad Mitch" and was Mentioned in Despatches.

On 5 July 1967 Mitchell led a force that reoccupied the Crater district accompanied by 15 regimental bagpipers of the Argylls playing "Scotland the Brave". Mitchell subsequently used what were described as “strong arm methods” to keep control of the Crater in the remaining months before British withdrawal. The reoccupation was almost bloodless. Mitchell subsequently used an integrated system of observation posts, patrols, checkpoints and intelligence gathering to maintain the Crater as a tranquil area while security elsewhere in Aden began to deteriorate. The imposition of "Argyll law" (as Mitchell described it) on the Crater endeared Mitchell to the media and to the British public. But it did not endear him to certain of his superiors in both the Army and the High Commission.

In July 1968, Mitchell gave notice of his intention to resign from the Army at the end of the year. Although Mitchell had not given the customary 7 months’ notice required of senior officers, his resignation was accepted immediately.

Once he was a civilian, Mitchell assumed a prominent role in the “Save the Argylls” campaign. He wrote his memoirs (“Having Been a Soldier”), undertook some freelance journalism and briefly took a job as management trainee with Beaverbrook Newspapers. However, he had become a popular public figure and turned this to his advantage when he started a new career in politics.


Controversial legacy of Mad Mitch
Lt Col Colin Mitchell in Aden
Mitchell made regular appearances in the media
A new BBC documentary has re-examined the legacy of a controversial Scottish soldier who was dubbed "Mad Mitch" for his tough methods.

Lt Col Colin Mitchell became a national hero when he led his Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders back into the Crater area of Aden in July 1967.

The British army had earlier pulled out of the district after 24 soldiers were killed by insurgents.

But Mitchell's reputation has been tarnished by allegations of brutality.

Aden, in what is now Yemen, had for more than 100 years been Britain's only Arab colony - but its rule was coming to an end amid an armed uprising by nationalists.

Scottish regiments were sent to keep the peace in what became known as the Aden Emergency.

A great many Arabs are alive today because we used these methods and a great many Argylls are alive today because we used them
Lt Col Colin Mitchell

In the summer of 1967 the local police mutinied and killed 24 British troops, including three Argylls. The bodies of the dead soldiers were dragged through the streets and mutilated.

Mitchell was horrified by the decision to withdraw British forces from Crater as a result of the killings, and by the failure of the army to recover the bodies of the dead soldiers, which he viewed as a betrayal of those who had died.

On the night of 3 July 1967, while senior officers wanted to negotiate a peaceful return to the area, Mitchell and his men, accompanied by 15 regimental pipers blaring out Scotland the Brave, reoccupied the Crater.

The district of about 80,000 people was retaken with hardly a shot fired.

Mitchell, who always considered himself Scottish despite being born and raised in London, later used his controversial concept of Argyll Law to maintain order.

The strong arm tactics endeared the brusque Mitchell to the British media and public and were credited with helping to avoid the security breakdown that was happening elsewhere in Aden.

Allegations of abuse

But it did little to endear him to the local population in Crater - or to his superiors in the army and High Commission, with one official describing the Argylls as a "bunch of Glasgow thugs."

Labour MP Tam Dalyell asked in parliament whether Mitchell had disobeyed orders by re-entering Crater.

Allegations of abuse and mistreatment soon followed.

Leading Yemeni lawyer Sheik Tariq Abdullah recalled: "They [The Argylls] were very rough. They tried to show as much restraint as possible but in general during that period you would find most of the people complaining."

But Mitchell firmly believed Argyll Law was the only way of tackling the insurgents, who left 200 British soldiers dead across Aden.

He said at the time: "I have no compunction in saying that if some chap starts throwing grenades or starts using pistols, we shall kill him."

Speaking a few years before his death in 1996, Mitchell remained unapologetic.

Argyll and Sutherland Highlander rounds up locals in Aden
Many locals complained about the tactics of the Argylls

"A great many Arabs are alive today because we used these methods and a great many Argylls are alive today because we used them," he said.

"This to me is the complete exoneration of anything, if we needed exonerating, which we don't and never have done."

By the time the British withdrew completely from Aden in November 1967, Mitchell had clashed with the army high command once too often.

On his return home to Britain, it was made clear there was no room in the military for Mad Mitch.

He resigned from the army in 1968, before taking up a prominent role in the Save the Argylls campaign and eventually winning the Aberdeenshire West seat in parliament for the Conservatives in the 1970 General Election.

But his brief career as a politician last only four years, and was dogged by his frequent criticism of the army top brass.

He became involved in a failed business venture before the next 10 years were spent in unsuccessful attempts to get back into Parliament, with the one-time darling of the British public finding himself an increasingly marginalised figure.

Crater was run on Argyll Law and that is perfectly sensible because there wasn't any other law
Maj Alastair Howman
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders

His final years saw him take on a leading role with the Halo Trust, a non-profit organisation which removed mines from former war zones.

Maj Alastair Howman, who served alongside Mitchell in Aden, said the Argylls had nothing to apologise for on the 40th anniversary of their withdrawal.

The end of British rule left a power vacuum which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people in the decades of civil war that resulted.

But Maj Howman accused today's politicians of failing to learn the lessons of the Aden Emergency.

He said: "Crater was run on Argyll Law and that is perfectly sensible because there wasn't any other law.

"Once somebody declares what date they are going leave a situation it is fraught with danger for the people who are there.

"That happened in Aden and it seems to certainly be happening in Iraq. I don't think politicians ever really learn this lesson. I don't think they read their history books."

Mad Mitch and The Last Battle of the British Empire was broadcast on BBC 2 Scotland on 26 November at 2000 GMT.



Missing Image

NAM 1987-08-39

Captain Arthur Henderson

Captain Arthur Henderson, 2nd Battalion, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders won the VC on 23 April 1917 near Fontaine-les-Croiselles in France. Although wounded in the left arm, he led his company through the enemy front line and then proceeded to consolidate his position, which owing to heavy fire and bombing attacks was in danger of becoming isolated. He was killed soon afterwards.


Private Grahame Rodgers

Ancestor Details

PTE RodgersName of Ancestor: Grahame Neilsen Rodgers

Ancestor's date of birth: Detail not Provided

Ancestor's date of death: 25/10/1917

Cause of Death: Died of wounds in France during WWI.

Service Number: Detail not Provided

Colony or State of enlistment: NA Place of Enlistment: Kinross, Scotland, UK

Unit: Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Scotland UK

Rank attained in Boer War: PTE, Date Effective: Detail not Provided

Highest Rank attained (if served after war): PTE, Date Effective: Detail not Provided

Murray Page: NA

Contingent: NA

Ship: Detail not Provided, Date of Sailing: Detail not Provided

Memorial details: Le Treport, France

Decorations: Queen's South Africa Medal with 4 clasps (South Africa 1902 and Cape Colony)

Personal Characteristics: Liked fishing for a past-time

Reasons to go and fight: Not known.

Details of service in war: Detail not Provided

Service and life after the Boer War: Served with another Scottish regiment in World War I in France but probably not the Argylls.

-----xx----

At Edinburgh Castle, Argyll and Sutherland's Highlanders on parade.

Photo of Edinburgh Castle, courtesy of www.britainonview.com

A and SH 相册 Vol:1







2nd Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders (A&SH)

The 2nd Battalion Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders joined the 227th Infantry Brigade on 15 July 1943 and served there until it was disbanded on 31 August 1945.

Regimental tartan is 42nd Government (Black Watch)

Cap badge:

Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders white metal cap badge on a 3" square tartan patch.

Sleeve insignia:

Red and white diced flash

15th (Scottish) divisional sign

(3) scarlet (infantry) arm-of service strips





Aboard an amphiboius assault craft in Seaford, England. The officer in front wears a woollen hat called a "cap comforter", and per regimental dress regulations, a regimental striped necktie in the colours of the 2nd Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.Major General and Provost

Major General Andrew Graham CBE, Representative Colonel of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and Provost Derek Stewart with the Freedom of Clackmannanshire scroll.
Image date: Saturday 13th May 2006

2nd Anglo-Boer War memorials, the Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders at Stirling Castle.

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Biography of Calum Martin McIntyre

Calum Martin McIntyre Calum Martin McIntyre attended Hillhead High School between 1918 and 1931, before going on to graduate MA (1935) with honours at Glasgow University.

On 1 August 1939, Calum McIntyre joined the 2nd Glasgow Highlanders as a Territorial. He was commissioned in the 1st Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in May 1940, and joined the regiment at Ismailia in Egypt.

Calum Martin McIntyre took part in the First African Campaign of General Wavell, and he was killed in action on 10 December 1940, at Sidi Barrani.







Harry and John Lauder, about 1916. The First World War is in progress, and John is a Captain in the 8th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regiment.

John Lauder and his fiancee, Mildred Thomson (and Mildred's mother?), around the time of their engagement in 1916.
Harry says goodbye to John, possibly for the last time.
A "charge" (for the benefit of the camera) of the 8th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regiment, led by Captain John Lauder. About 1914 or 1915.
John Lauder was killed near Poziers, France, on December 26, 1916. Shown here are his temporary and permanent grave markers.
Harry Lauder, at Lauder Ha', near Strathaven, about 1948. The portrait of his son, John Lauder, was painted by Cowan Dobson in 1915.

The painting was sold at auction in 1966 when the Lauder estate was liquidated. In 2007 the painting resurfaced as part of the estate sale of Mr. Wayne Glasgow of San Francisco. This time it was purchased by my Scottish cousin, Gregory Lauder-Frost, who is descended from Harry's brother Matt Lauder.

It suffered some damage over the years, but Gregory has restored the painting to its original condition.


















The Western Front Today - Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Memorial
Updated - Sunday, 19 January, 2003

The Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders Memorial, on the Somme battlefields, is positioned almost directly opposite the site of the famous Hawthorn Mine crater (the explosion of which was filmed at 7.20am on 1 July 1916: click here to view the footage, QuickTime .MOV format, 719kb). It is also adjacent to the Sunken Lane where cameraman Geoffrey Malins filmed men of the 1st Lancashire Division on the morning of 1 July preparing to go over the top.

The memorial - a Celtic cross - was unveiled in 1923 by the Duke of Argyll. It lists details of the actions of the 8th Argyllshire Battalion, Princess Louise's Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders, the 51st Highland Division, the 61st Division, and the 15th Scottish Division.

The memorial notes that during its service in the field (from 1 May 1915 until the end of the war) 51 officers and 831 NCOs and men were killed. 105 officers and 2,527 NCOs and men were wounded. A Gaelic inscription on the memorial reads "friends are good on the day of the battle".







































Ready to stop the Red Hordes - Berlin, 1969. Private Archie Mac Laine of the 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's), at the controls of an FV -432 in the divided city of Berlin during the Cold War. This vehicle was the most common tracked vehicle in the British Army in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was similar to the Canadian M113.

Private Mac Laine served in the Argylls - the British Army affiliate Regiment of the Calgary Highlanders - for 27 years and at one point served alongside the late Warrant Officer Bruce Waterhouse, who served a tour of duty with the Argylls including service in Northern Ireland. Private Mac Laine's greetings can be found on the Transitions 2005 page.

The Warrant Officer Bruce Waterhouse Memorial Award is presented each year to the person deemed most worthy by the Warrant Officers of the Regiment, more information can be found on the Regimental Trophies page.


Tells the Pow's story,usually in their own words.

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Singapore, 1942: Britain's Greatest Defeat,Alan Warren.

Warren's work on the Malaya campaign ending with the fall of Singapore.A bloody,desperate campaign as highlighted by the casualty figures the author presents--the British defenders lost more killed than wounded.


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Moon over Malaya: A Tale of Argylls and Marines Jonathan Moffatt & Audrey Holmes McCormick

The oral history of what was considered the best British battalion in Malaya--the Jocks of the 2nd Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.Fighting back to Singapore they had their numbers boostered by the surviving Royal Marines of HMS Repulse and Prince of Wales.

An excellent account of the jungle fighting in Malaya.


Image

TO BE CONTINUS

Scottish Regiments

Titles of Regular and Territorial Army Cavalry, Yeomany (irregular cavalry), Guards and Infantry units with the old regimental numbers of infantry which were used until 1881. Those Scottish units which exist today are in bold.

Cavalry

Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and Greys)

Royal Scots Greys

Yeomanry

Queen’s Own Yeomanry

Scottish Yeomanry

Ayrshire Yeomanry (Earl of Carrick’s Own)

Lothians and Border Horse

Lanarkshire Yeomanry

Queen’s Own Royal Glasgow Yeomanry

Fife and Forfar Yeomanry

Lovat Scouts

Scottish Horse

A (Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick’s Own) Yeomanry) Squadron (TA)

C (Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse) Squadron (TA)

Guards

Scots Guards

Infantry

Royal Scots (1st)

Royal Highland Fusiliers (21st, 71st and 74th)

Royal Scots Fusiliers (21st)

Highland Light Infantry (71st and 74th)

King’s Own Scottish Borderers (25th)

Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (26th and 90th)

52nd Lowland Regiment (TA)

Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) 42nd and 73rd)

Tyneside Scottish

204 (Tyneside Scottish) Battery RA (Volunteers)

The Highlanders (72nd, 75th, 78th, 79th and 92nd)

The Queen’s Own Highlanders (72nd, 78th and 79th)

Seaforth Highlanders (72nd and 78th)

Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders (79th)

Liverpool Scottish

V (Liverpool Scottish) Company, The King’s Regiment (TA)

Gordon Highlanders (75th and 92nd)

London Scottish

London Scottish Company, The London Regiment (TA)

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (91st and 93rd)

51st Highland Regiment (TA)

英国在沪驻军

1842 年6月,英国军舰8艘、武装轮船6艘、运输船13艘,运载陆军约2000人,在英国驻华海军司令巴加率领下,以配炮72门的“皋华丽”号为旗舰进攻吴淞, 遭江南水师提督陈化成指挥的清军阻击,双方炮战两个半小时,最终吴淞炮台被攻占,陈化成牺牲。英军攻进宝山与上海县城。

1842 年8月《中英南京条约》签订后,按条约规定英军应退出上海,但英国并未履行这一协议。根据1843年、1844年订立的《虎门条约》与《望厦条约》,英国 与美、法等国获得在上海等通商口岸停泊兵船、巡查贸易的权力。1848年青浦教案发生时,英舰“爱司匹格”号即开至上海,配合英国领事阿礼国,以封锁上海 港要挟清政府。

1853 年小刀会起义时,英国军舰“神使”号、“羚羊”号、“斯巴达人”号、“恩康脱”号以及“希腊人”号先后驻扎上海。1854年4月,英军与法军划分了在上海 的防区,英军负责公共租界的安全。同月4日,英美陆战队及英租界义勇队与围城清军发生“泥城之战”,人数占优势的清军被击败。

1860 年太平军第一次进攻上海时,英国一方面拒绝上海地方官绅“派兵助剿”的请求,另一方面又声称“保护”上海安全。5月,驻上海的英法远征军开始在上海布防。 英军200人进驻上海县城以西,200名炮兵随时准备进入法租界。远征军主力北上后,留守的900名英军主要防守英租界和上海县城的西门和南门。8月,太 平军进攻上海,英国陆海军与法军向攻城的起义军开枪开炮,阻止他们进攻。

1862 年初,太平军再度进攻上海。2月12日,英国驻华陆军司令米切尔率军到达上海。次日,英法两国将领会商上海防守事宜,决定英军驻防英、美租界及上海县城北 门以及城墙附近地带。2月21日,英军联合法军及洋枪队进攻高桥。4月,又有大批英军从天津到达上海。4月4日,英国海军上将何伯在与太平军作战时腿部负 伤。到5月中旬,上海附近的城镇都被英法联军及洋枪队攻占。后太平军忠王李秀成亲率大军抵沪,由英国将领何伯及士迪佛立指挥的英法联军撤回租界及上海县 城。双方达成协议,英法军不出城攻击太平军,太平军不进攻上海市区。

1905年“大闹会审公廨”案时守卫英国领事馆的英国海军陆战队]

1897 年4月,上海小车工人抗议工部局加捐,英国军舰“林纳特”号、“普洛弗”号上的水兵登岸,协助工部局巡捕及万国商团镇压抗议工人。1900年义和团运动发 生时,英国于当年8月调2000印度兵到达上海,“保护”租界,1902年撤军。1905年大闹会审公廨事件发生时,英国水兵登岸弹压示威的上海市民。

1925年五卅运动发生时,英国水兵再一次登岸镇压上海罢工及示威群众。

1927 年初,汉口和九江的英租界被国民政府收回。为防止上海租界出现同样情况,英国政府派1.6万名士兵到沪,在愚园路兵营设英军上海司令部。驻上海英军除作战 部队外,还有上海地区皇家工程队、上海地区皇家通讯队、皇家军事服务队、军械所、宪兵队、军医机构和随军牧师等。后大部分英国军队回国,在上海保持1~2 营的作战部队,连同其他辅助部队,总兵力在1000人左右。除海陆军外,英国还派飞机一队抵沪,名为保护租界,实际上一直在中国作战区、戒严区以及国民革 命军重要驻扎地点侦察。英军还多次开枪射死、射伤中国士兵,侮辱妇女。

驻沪英军由英国本土或其殖民地派出,采取轮换驻防制度。1930 年2月14日,第二格林豪伍得步兵营从埃及到达上海,代替回英国的第二魏尔特郡步兵营。第二皇家苏格兰火枪营于1931年1月2日从印度到达上海,代替沃 切斯特郡步兵团第一营。1931年11月17日,林肯郡步兵团第一营从英属直布罗陀到达上海,代替回英国的第二诺森伯兰火枪营,驻扎在胶州路营房。 1932年1月30日,魏尔特郡步兵团第一营到达上海,代替第二皇家苏格兰火枪营,该营分别驻扎在大西路及极司非尔路营房。1932年2月3日,第二阿及 利和萨瑟兰高地营从香港到达上海,4月回港。1932年5月12日,东兰开斯特郡步兵团第一营从孟买到达上海。11月8日,第二阿及利和萨瑟兰高地营又来 沪接替第一魏尔特郡步兵营。1933年2月11日,东兰开斯特郡步兵团第二营从英国到达上海。1933年10月31日,伍斯特郡步兵团第二营从马耳他到达 上海,进驻胶州路营房和马霍路营房,并于次月接替第二阿及利和萨瑟兰高地营。与该营同时到达的还有柴克雷准将,他接替了原任驻军司令的弗莱明准将。当年 底,英军司令部迁至地丰路兵营。1934年11月门日,第一皇家英尼斯基林火枪营从英国到达上海,接替东兰开斯特郡步兵团第二营。1936年1月,第一兰 开斯特郡火枪营从英国到达上海,接替第一皇家英尼斯基林火枪营。1936年6月,斯莫雷特准将接替柴克雷任英军驻沪司令。同年11月5日,皇家北兰开斯特 郡步兵团第二营从英国到达上海,接替第一兰开斯特郡火枪营。1937年“八·一三”前后,驻沪英军有第二皇家魏尔奇火枪营、皇家北兰开斯特郡步兵团第二 营、第一皇家伍斯特来福枪营、第一德汉姆轻步兵营。1938年4月,第一西福斯高地营抵沪。10月,东舍利步兵团第二营抵沪,替换第一德汉姆轻步兵营。

皇家军事服务队下辖供应、运输、营房及第十二汽车运输连。第十二汽车运输连于1927 年3月24日从英国本土到达上海,先驻扎在倍开尔路电车场内,1929年4月7日移至地丰路兵营,1930年2月26日又移至大西路阿什兵营。全连共拥有 127名官兵,74辆汽车。该连及皇家军事服务队是第二批加入上海防军的机械化部队,第一批是1927年初从印度来到上海的第三救护车队。

英 军在沪军医机构由皇家军医队及第七总医院和亚历山大皇后帝国军队护士服务队组成。宪兵队位于厦门路的英军军事监狱(系向公共租界工部局租用)。愚园路兵营 位于地丰路的西北,英军供应站位于地丰路西侧,在静安寺路和福煦路之间。大西路兵营位于大西路南侧,离地丰路不远。另外,英军在驻上海总领事馆还设有海、 空军联络官。

1937 年“八·一三”事变后,英、法、美、意驻军与日军协定划分在上海的驻军范围。英军驻扎在两个地区,一在北河南路以西、苏州河以南、虞洽卿路以东的公共租界 地区;另一在极司非尔路以西以南、苏州河以南、凯旋路以东、陆家宅路以北、海格路以西的越界筑路地区。1940年8月英军撤离上海后,这两个地区分别被日 军及万国商团接管。此后,除黄浦江上有时还有英国军舰外,英国在上海已无驻军。1941年12月8日,驻沪日军占领租界,唯一一艘停泊在黄浦江上的英舰“ 彼得烈尔”号被日海军击沉。


附件1:免费开放文化遗产的通告   

  今年6月14日是我国第三个“文化遗产日”。为吸引更多的公众走近文化遗产,努力形成全社会关爱与参与文化遗产保护的热潮,推动免费开放和第三 次全国文物普查工作的深入开展,上海市文物管理委员会于6月14日至15日,组织本市90处文化遗产免费开放,欢迎广大市民前往参观。

  开放日期:6月14日、15日(星期六、日)

  开放时间:上午9时至下午4时(具体参观时间和办法见各开放单位告示)

  开放地点:

  卢湾区

  1.中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址(兴业路76号·全国重点文物保护单位)

  1921年7月23日,中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在此举行,来自各地的13位代表出席会议。

  2.中国社会主义青年团中央机关旧址(淮海中路567弄6号·全国重点文物保护单位)

  1920年,陈独秀倡导在此成立上海社会主义青年团。旧址位于早期石库门“渔阳里”。

  3.中国共产党代表团驻沪办事处(周公馆)(思南路73号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1946年6月至1947年3月国共南京谈判期间,中共代表团设在上海的办事机构。

  4.邹韬奋故居(重庆南路205弄54号·上海市文物保护单位)

  邹韬奋(1895—1944),中国近代著名的新闻记者、出版家和政论家。1930年在此居住并主编《生活》周刊。

  5.尚贤坊(淮海中路358弄·上海市文物保护单位)

  1924年建造,旧式石库门里弄建筑,因外籍学术团体尚贤堂而得名,近代典型风格建筑。

  6.步高里(陕西南路287弄·上海市文物保护单位)

  1930年建造,弄口有牌楼二座,是上海保存较完整的里弄住宅,近代典型风格建筑。

  7.孙中山行馆(淮海中路870号·卢湾区登记不可移动文物)

  1911年12月25日,孙中山自海外抵沪居此,领导革命党人推翻封建帝制、酝酿筹建中国历史上

  第一个民主共和政府。

  8.霞飞坊(淮海中路927弄·卢湾区登记不可移动文物)

  今名淮海坊,1924年比利时教会主持建造的大型新式里弄住宅,上海多位名人曾在此居住。

  9.中国科学社暨明复图书馆旧址(陕西南路235号·卢湾区登记不可移动文物)

  1929年明复图书馆建成,中国科学社建立的第一个公共科技专业图书馆。

  虹口区

  10.中国左翼作家联盟成立大会旧址(多伦路201弄2号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1930年3月2日,中国共产党领导的革命文学界组织中国左翼作家联盟,在此召开成立大会。

  11.中国共产党第四次全国代表大会史料陈列馆(多伦路215号)

  1925年1月11日至22日,中国共产党第四次全国代表大会在东宝兴路254弄28支弄8号召开。

  陈列馆展示有重要史料。

  12.李白烈士旧居(黄渡路107弄15号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1947年,李白将中共地下党电台迁此处。1948年12月30日凌晨李白在此被捕后牺牲。

  13.沈尹默旧居(海伦路504号·虹口区文物保护单位)

  沈尹默(1883-1971),新文化运动先驱者之一,当代著名学者、诗人、书法家。1946年,沈尹默先生由重庆来沪住此。

  静安区

  14.茂名路毛泽东旧居(茂名北路120弄7号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1924年2月,毛泽东居住于此,同住的还有杨开慧、毛岸英、毛岸青。蔡和森、向警予夫妇住楼上厢房。

  15.蔡元培故居(华山路303弄16号·上海市文物保护单位)

  蔡元培先生是我国近现代史上杰出的思想家、教育家,1937年始居住于此。2000年,上海

  蔡元培故居陈列馆开放。

  16.刘长胜旧居(愚园路81号·上海市文物保护单位)

  上海工人运动和中国共产党地下斗争杰出领导人刘长胜的旧居,亦是中共上海市委秘密机关之一。旧居内有中共

  上海地下组织斗争史陈列。

  17.中国劳动组合书记部旧址(成都北路893弄7号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1921年8月11日成立的中国劳动组合书记部,是中华全国总工会的前身,曾是中国共产党公开领导工人运动的总机关。

  徐汇区

  18.汾阳路79号(上海市文物保护单位)

  1905年建造,原为法租界公董局总董官邸,近代典型风格建筑。

  19.国际礼拜堂(衡山路53号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1925年建造,由礼拜堂和副楼两部分组成,为上海著名的基督教堂。

  20.修道院公寓(复兴西路62号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1930年建造的公寓,原为英国商人密丰绒线厂主的房产。近代典型风格建筑。

  21.南春华堂(南丹路17号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  明代建筑。今仅存厅堂。2003年迁移至现址。

  22.徐家汇藏书楼(漕溪北路80号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  清代晚期创建,有耶稣会总院附设的藏书楼和神父楼二幢建筑,上海著名的教会建筑。

  23.百代小红楼(衡山路徐家汇花园内·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  1921年,中国第一家唱片公司———东方百代唱片公司在此创办,发行了《义勇军进行曲》、《大路歌》、《毕业歌》等名作。

  24.鸿英图书馆旧址(淮海中路1413号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  图书馆由黄炎培等于1924年发起创立,1932年叶鸿英捐建馆舍,故名。

  25.上海特别市政府旧址(平江路48号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  辛亥革命后,上海沪海道尹公署设此,1927年成立上海特别市市政府,道尹公署改为市政府办公楼。

  26.爱庐(东平路9号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  1932年建造的花园住宅,蒋介石与宋美龄结婚后的居所,蒋题名为“爱庐”。

  27.桂林公园颐亭(桂林路128号·徐汇区文物保护单位)

  1931—1934年建造,原为黄金荣私家花园的颐亭,是建于水中的二层楼阁,俗称“湖心亭”。

  28.华山路1954号老图书馆(华山路1954号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  原为建于1919年的南洋公学图书馆,1921年后为交通大学图书馆。

  29.董浩云航运博物馆(华山路1954号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  由香港董氏慈善基金会和上海交通大学联合创办,展示了董浩云传奇的一生。

  30.复兴中路1195号(徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1908—1916年建造,德国倍高洋行设计,原为德国工程技术学院图书馆。

  31.市四中学启明楼(天钥桥路100号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  建于1917年,学校前身为启明女校,20世纪初天主教会创办。

  32.孔祥熙旧居(永嘉路383号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  旧居建于1926年,近代典型风格建筑。

  33.上海自然科学研究所旧址(岳阳路320号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  建于1930年,外形与日本东京大学图书馆相似。近代典型风格建筑。

  34.复兴西路193号3号楼(徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1930年建造的花园住宅。近代典型风格建筑。

  35.武康路40弄1号(徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1932年建造,具有典型的西班牙建筑风格。唐绍仪曾居住于此。

  36.乌鲁木齐南路64号(徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1932年建造的英国乡村别墅式花园住宅。

  37.国立上海医学院一号楼(医学院路138号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1935—1936建造,中西合璧建筑形式,为颜福庆等人创办的国立医学院主楼。

  38.余庆路190号(余庆路190号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1936年建造,陈毅曾在此居住。近代典型风格建筑。

  39.荣德生旧居(高安路18弄20号·徐汇区登记不可移动文物)

  1939年建造的花园住宅,原为中国著名实业家荣德生的居所。近代典型风格建筑。

  40.龙华火药厂旧址(龙华西路2577号)

  1874年,李鸿章等创建龙华火药厂。该址较完整地保留了行列式建筑布局。

  41.岳阳路190号

  建于1920年。大型花园住宅建筑。民国时期名噪一时的名医牛惠霖、牛惠生兄弟合办的“霖生医院”

  创设于此。抗日战争期间为难民医院。

  42.黑石公寓(复兴中路1331号1号楼)

  1924年建造的公寓。二战后,联合国善后救济总署曾在此办公。近代典型风格建筑。

  43.襄阳南路388弄25号20世纪30年代建造的独立式花园住宅。

  44.建国西路336弄1号建于1931年的花园住宅。中西合璧建筑形式。

  45.华山路823-827号住宅群建于1937年的近代典型风格建筑。

  46.永嘉路557号独立式花园住宅,近代典型风格建筑。

  47.肇嘉浜路604号住宅独立式花园住宅,近代典型风格建筑。

  长宁区

  48.《布尔塞维克》编辑部旧址(愚园路1376弄34号·上海市文物保护单位)

  中国共产党中央机关刊物《布尔塞维克》,从1927年10月24日至1932年7月1日,共编辑出版52期。

  49.王伯群住宅(愚园路1136弄31号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1930—1934年建造的花园住宅,该住宅曾为国民党军统招待所和英国领事馆文化宣传处。

  50.泰安路115弄花园住宅(上海市文物保护单位)

  1948年建造,欧洲建筑风格住宅,由中国人设计施工,我国著名历史学家周谷城曾较长时间居住在此弄6号。

  51.中西女中(江苏路91号)

  1892年基督教美国监理会创办中西女塾,后改名中西女中。

  1935年由著名设计师邬达克设计的教学楼景莲堂沿用至今。宋庆龄、宋蔼龄曾就读于该校。

  52.延安西路601号北楼原为1917年建造的英国兵营,欧洲城堡式建筑。

  53.泰安路120弄3号(泰安路120弄)

  1924年建造的砖木结构花园住宅计有31幢,具有英、法、西班牙不同建筑风格。

  54.华山路花园住宅(华山路1076号1100弄和1120弄)

  西式花园住宅群,近代典型风格建筑。

  55.新华路231号住宅

  1932年建造的二层砖木结构英国乡村式花园别墅,清水砖墙采用独特砌筑工艺。

  56.梅泉别墅(新华路593弄)

  1935年由中国设计师设计建造。建筑立面简洁,趋向现代。

  57.新华路294弄花园住宅1935年中国第一代建筑师设计的西式住宅建筑。

  58.愚园路1015号周氏住宅

  20世纪30年代建造的现代风格建筑。原主人是金城银行和太平人寿保险的创始人周作民。

  59.安定坊(江苏路284弄)1936年建造的住宅建筑,是当时沪上中上层知识分子居住的小区。

  60.史良旧居(武定西路1357-1359号)

  20世纪20年代建造,砖木结构双联列欧式花园住宅,

  中国民主革命时期的著名人士史良1946至1952年曾在此居住。

  61.贺绿汀旧居(泰安路76弄)

  1934年建造,取名“亦村”。计有14幢独立的西式住宅。人民音乐家贺绿汀1956至1999年在该村4号居住。

  黄浦区

  62.国际饭店(南京西路170号·全国重点文物保护单位)

  1931—1934年建造,著名设计师邬达克设计,装饰艺术派风格,建成后的半个多世纪为

  中国最高的建筑。

  63.上海古城墙和大境阁(大境路269号·上海市文物保护单位)

  上海城墙始建于明嘉靖三十二年,清嘉庆二十年城墙上建“大境阁”。现存古城墙为明代上海西城墙之一段。

  64.三山会馆(中山南路1551号·上海市文物保护单位)

  清宣统元年福建商人集资兴建,原是水果商人聚会和供奉天后的地方,为上海市现存较完

  整的会馆建筑,也是1927年上海工人第三次武装起义纪念地。

  65.董家渡天主堂(董家渡路175号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1847—1853年建造,外国传教士在中国江南地区活动的中心,是上海教区第一座主教府,统辖

  江苏、安徽两省各级天主教。

  66.老永安公司(南京东路635号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1918年旅澳华侨郭氏兄弟创建的大型百货公司。南京路著名的四大公司之一。

  67.新新公司大楼(南京东路720号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1923-1926年建造,南京路著名的四大公司之一。

  68.华安人寿保险公司大楼(南京西路104号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1924—1926年建造。1939年香港华侨开设“金门饭店”,为沪上著名酒店之一。

  69.跑马总会(南京西路325号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1933年建造,由“上海跑马总会”和“万国运动会”投资,时为远东最大的跑马赌场。

  70.大新公司(南京东路830号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1934-1936年旅澳华侨蔡昌建造,南京路著名的四大公司之一。

  71.小桃园清真寺(小桃园街52号·黄浦区文物保护单位)

  1917年建造,1925年改建,是上海近代规模最大的清真寺。

  杨浦区

  72.旧上海特别市政府大楼(清源环路650号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1929年国民党“大上海计划”的主要建筑,1933年落成。

  73.圣心医院旧址(杭州路349号·杨浦区文物保护单位)

  1923年,上海著名士绅陆伯鸿创建,近代典型风格建筑。

  闸北区

  74.四行仓库(光复路21号·上海市文物保护单位)

  1932年建造,旧上海盐业、金城、中南、大陆四家银行的仓库,八一三淞沪抗战中谢晋元率部在此抗击日军。(解放日报)